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Gifted Test Grades K–12
Chapter 1

Overview & Quick Facts

The Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) measures nonverbal reasoning using geometric shapes and patterns — no language, numbers, or reading required. Used for gifted screening in grades K–12.

Quick Facts

PublisherPearson
GradesK–12
Question Types4
FormatMultiple choice
LevelsA–G (by grade)
Score TypeNAS (mean 100)
Gifted Cutoff95th+ percentile

4 Question Types

Pattern Completion — ~25%
Reasoning by Analogy — ~25%
Serial Reasoning — ~25%
Spatial Visualization — ~25%

Key Takeaway

NNAT is a pure nonverbal test. Children who are English language learners or have strong visual-spatial abilities often perform differently here than on language-based tests like the CogAT.

How to Use This Guide

Use the chapter navigation on the left to explore each section in depth. Start with a specific question type to understand what's tested, then jump to the 4-Week Study Schedule when you're ready to prep.

Chapter 2

Pattern Completion

A section of a design is missing. The child selects which of five options completes the pattern.

Key Takeaways

  • Focus on edges and color gradients at the cut boundary
  • The missing piece must match the pattern both horizontally and vertically
  • Wrong answers often look plausible but break one grid line
Visual Closure

The ability to recognize a complete image when part is missing. Practice with puzzles.

Figure-Ground

Identifying the boundary between the missing piece and the surrounding pattern.

Spatial Perception

Understanding how patterns flow across the grid — left-right and top-bottom.

Example

A rectangular grid has a missing lower-right cell. Which piece completes the diagonal pattern?

(A) Diagonal stripes ✓
(B) Solid fill
(C) Horizontal stripes
(D) Blank

Match the diagonal pattern direction and density from the surrounding cells.

Chapter 3

Reasoning by Analogy

A 2×2 matrix where three shapes are given; the child finds the fourth that completes the relationship.

Key Takeaways

  • Identify the transformation from left to right in the top row
  • Apply the same transformation in the bottom row
  • Common transformations: rotation, size change, shading, reflection
Abstract Relationships

The relationship between two shapes — not what they look like, but how they change.

Matrix Logic

Every row must follow the same rule AND every column must follow the same rule.

Distractor Strategy

Wrong answers often apply a different transformation or only match one row/column.

Example

Circle : Half-circle :: Square : ___

(A) Triangle
(B) Half-square ✓
(C) Rectangle
(D) Diamond

Same relationship: the shape is cut in half. Apply to square → half-square.

Chapter 4

Serial Reasoning

A 3×3 matrix with eight shapes and one missing. The child identifies the rule governing all rows and columns.

Key Takeaways

  • Look for the rule in EACH row separately before checking columns
  • Rules include: adding elements, rotation sequences, size progressions, shading changes
  • Serial Reasoning is the hardest NNAT question type — most children struggle here
Pattern Recognition

Finding consistent rules across all three rows simultaneously.

Multi-Variable Tracking

The shape might change while the size also changes — track multiple attributes.

Process of Elimination

If you can't find the rule, eliminate answers that break any visible rule.

Chapter 5

Spatial Visualization

Two or more shapes that combine or transform. The child identifies the result of the transformation.

Key Takeaways

  • Mentally overlay or combine the shapes before looking at answer choices
  • Practice mental rotation — imagine spinning a shape 90° at a time
  • Spatial Visualization questions often involve folding or combining geometric pieces
Mental Rotation

Rotating shapes in your mind — which pieces fit together when moved or turned?

Spatial Transformation

Predicting what happens when shapes are moved, reflected, or combined.

Visual Reasoning

Reasoning about 2D shapes without counting or measuring — pure visual logic.

Study Plan

4-Week Study Schedule

15–20 minutes per day, 4–5 days per week. Build skills progressively.

1

Week 1

Foundation

  • Study the test format and all question types
  • 15 min practice daily — untimed
  • Identify weak areas from practice
  • Build vocabulary or core reasoning skills
2

Week 2

Skill Drills

  • Target weakest question types with focused drills
  • 20 min practice daily with review
  • Learn strategy approaches for each question type
  • Begin timed sections
3

Week 3

Practice Tests

  • Take first full timed practice test
  • Analyze results by section — note patterns
  • Double down on lowest-scoring areas
  • Continue 20 min daily warm-ups
4

Week 4

Final Review

  • Second full practice test under real conditions
  • Review all wrong answer explanations
  • Light review only in final 3 days
  • Good sleep and relaxed mindset before test day

Ready to practice?

Free questions — no signup required.

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Score Guide

Score Interpretation

NNAT scores are reported as the Naglieri Ability Score (NAS) and National Percentile Rank. The NAS has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

Naglieri Ability Score (NAS)

Mean of 100, SD of 15. Compares to same-age peers nationally. A NAS of 125 = 95th percentile. Most gifted programs require 95th percentile or above.

National Percentile Rank

Compares to a nationally representative sample. Gifted cutoff is typically the 95th+ percentile — higher than CogAT's 90th percentile cutoff.

95th pct

Typical gifted program threshold

Grade Equivalent

Indicates the grade level whose median NAS matches the child's score. Above-grade-level scores indicate the child reasons like an older student.

Resources

Recommended Books

Affiliate links — we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

NNAT Test Prep Grade 2 Gifted Workbook

NNAT Test Prep Grade 2 Gifted Workbook

Full coverage of all four NNAT question types with timed practice tests.

Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test Practice Tests

Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test Practice Tests

Official-style practice tests with answer keys and explanations.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the NNAT?

The NNAT (Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test) measures nonverbal reasoning ability using geometric shapes and abstract patterns. It requires no reading, writing, or math — only visual-spatial thinking.

What grades take the NNAT?

The NNAT is administered to students in grades K–12. Different grade levels take different versions (Levels A through G) to ensure age-appropriate difficulty.

What is a good NNAT score for gifted programs?

Most gifted programs require a Naglieri Ability Score (NAS) at or above the 95th percentile. The NAS has a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15, so the 95th percentile corresponds to approximately NAS 125.

Can you prepare for the NNAT?

Yes. While the NNAT tests innate reasoning, practice with similar visual-spatial materials (puzzles, tangrams, matrices) builds familiarity with question formats and reduces test anxiety, which can improve scores.

How is the NNAT different from the CogAT?

The CogAT tests verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning. The NNAT tests only nonverbal reasoning, making it useful for identifying gifted students who may not yet have strong language skills.

K–12
Grade Range
4 Types
Question Types
~45 min
Duration
NAS 130+
Typical Gifted Score

Exam Structure

What's on the NNAT

The NNAT has four question types, each worth approximately 25% of the total score. Every question uses only geometric shapes — no words or numbers.

Section 1

Pattern Completion

~25%

of test

Visual closure
Figure-ground perception
Spatial pattern matching

Section 2

Reasoning by Analogy

~25%

of test

Matrix relationships
Transformation rules
Abstract figural reasoning

Section 3

Serial Reasoning

~25%

of test

3×3 matrix rules
Multi-attribute tracking
Sequential pattern logic

Section 4

Spatial Visualization

~25%

of test

Mental rotation
Shape combination
Spatial transformation

Prep Timeline

4-Week Study Schedule

15–20 minutes per day, 4–5 days per week.

1

Week 1

Foundation

  • Study all question types and format
  • 15 min daily untimed practice
  • Identify weak areas
  • Build core vocabulary or reasoning skills
2

Week 2

Skill Building

  • Targeted drills on weak areas
  • 20 min daily practice with review
  • Learn strategies per question type
  • Introduce timed practice
3

Week 3

Practice Tests

  • Take full timed practice test
  • Analyze section-by-section results
  • Focus on lowest-scoring areas
  • Daily 20 min warm-up continues
4

Week 4

Final Review

  • Second full practice test
  • Review all wrong answer explanations
  • Light review in final 3 days
  • Rest well the night before

Ready to test your knowledge?

Free NNAT practice questions — no signup required.

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Score Guide

Understanding NNAT Scores

NNAT scores are reported as the Naglieri Ability Score (NAS) and National Percentile Rank. The NAS has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

Naglieri Ability Score (NAS)

Mean of 100, SD of 15. Compares to same-age peers nationally. A NAS of 125 = 95th percentile. Most gifted programs require 95th percentile or above.

National Percentile Rank

Compares to a nationally representative sample. Gifted cutoff is typically the 95th+ percentile — higher than CogAT's 90th percentile cutoff.

95th pct

Typical gifted program threshold

Grade Equivalent

Indicates the grade level whose median NAS matches the child's score. Above-grade-level scores indicate the child reasons like an older student.

Study Materials

Recommended NNAT Books

Affiliate links — we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

NNAT Test Prep Grade 2 Gifted Workbook

NNAT Test Prep Grade 2 Gifted Workbook

Full coverage of all four NNAT question types with timed practice tests.

Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test Practice Tests

Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test Practice Tests

Official-style practice tests with answer keys and explanations.

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the NNAT?

The NNAT (Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test) measures nonverbal reasoning ability using geometric shapes and abstract patterns. It requires no reading, writing, or math — only visual-spatial thinking.

What grades take the NNAT?

The NNAT is administered to students in grades K–12. Different grade levels take different versions (Levels A through G) to ensure age-appropriate difficulty.

What is a good NNAT score for gifted programs?

Most gifted programs require a Naglieri Ability Score (NAS) at or above the 95th percentile. The NAS has a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15, so the 95th percentile corresponds to approximately NAS 125.

Can you prepare for the NNAT?

Yes. While the NNAT tests innate reasoning, practice with similar visual-spatial materials (puzzles, tangrams, matrices) builds familiarity with question formats and reduces test anxiety, which can improve scores.

How is the NNAT different from the CogAT?

The CogAT tests verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning. The NNAT tests only nonverbal reasoning, making it useful for identifying gifted students who may not yet have strong language skills.

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The OpenKidsPrep Editorial Team

This study guide is written and reviewed by the OpenKidsPrep Editorial Team with input from K–8 educators, gifted program coordinators, and parents who have navigated the gifted testing process. Content is reviewed annually and updated when test formats or scoring change. Found an error? Contact us →

Last reviewed: June 2026